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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 63(2): 107-109, ago. 1994. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-156018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE--To evaluate electrocardiogram (ECG) in detecting acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during the first 12 hours of symptoms and its relationship to the culprit coronary artery. METHODS--We studied 68 patients aged 55.6 (30 to 76) years, 61 males, with AMI confirmed by elevated CKMB isoenzyme and cinecoronariography (CINE). In all of them we obtained two ECG: first (i), with < 12 hours of symptoms and a second, > or = 5 days during evolution. ECG were analyzed in order to disclose up and downward ST-T segments > or = 1 mm, new Q waves > or = 0.04 s and R/S > or = 1 plus downward ST-T segment in leads V1 and V2. Then we have done correlation between these and the culprit coronary lesions at CINE. RESULTS--The culprit coronary lesions were: right coronary artery (RCA) in 16, left circumflex (LC) in 26 and left anterior descending (LAD) in 31 cases. According to the ECG, the RCA determined inferior AMI in all patients and the LC only in 62 por cento of cases. Posterior AMI due to LC was seen in 81 por cento of cases at ECG and, associated with lateral AMI, in 52 por cento . Lone lateral AMI was seen in 5 por cento and true posterior in 14 por cento of cases, all of them due to LC. CONCLUSION--False negative ECG (i) in AMI is in fact due to LC occlusion which, frequently, causes posterior wall more then inferior wall myocardial infarction at ECG


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cineangiography , Electrocardiography , Coronary Angiography , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Time Factors , Creatine Kinase/blood , Clinical Enzyme Tests , Myocardial Infarction/etiology
2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 62(5): 297-299, maio 1994. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-159839

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE--In order to identify the reproducibility of head-up tilt test, a second test one week later in 22 patients with a positive first test, was performed. METHODS--The test was performed in a fasting state during the morning. The heart rate and blood pressure were monitored during 20 minutes in the supine position and then at 60 degrees for up to 40 minutes. The test were considered positive if the patient experienced syncope or pre-syncope with fall in systolic blood pressure > 30mmHg. The following aspects were evaluated: reproducibility of the positive response; the type of response (hypotension, asystole or hypotension plus bradycardia) and the time interval between tilt and the beginning of symptoms. RESULTS--Eighteen (82 per cent) patients had a second positive response; 14 (77.8 per cent) of then had the same type of response; and 17 (94 per cent) had syncope in similar time interval after tilt. CONCLUSION--The head-up tilt testing has good reproducibility, although its use in the therapeutic management needs a longer period of evaluation


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Syncope/etiology , Bradycardia/diagnosis , Reproducibility of Results , Tilt-Table Test , Hypotension, Orthostatic/diagnosis
3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 62(1): 7-9, jan. 1994. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-148921

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE--In order to identify neurally mediated syncope, head-up tilt testing was performed in patients with recurrent unexplained syncope. METHODS--The tests were performed in 125 patients in the fasting state, between 8:30 and 11:30 a.m. The blood pressure and heart rate were continuously monitored during 20 minutes in the resting state, and then, positioned at 60 degrees angle, for up to 40 minutes. A group of 20 patients with first negative test was submitted to intravenous isoproterenol in bolus of 2 micrograms every 2 minutes until symptoms occur or at a total dose of 8 micrograms. The test was considered positive when systolic blood pressure decreased at least 30 mmHg and the patient experimented syncope or pre-syncope. RESULTS--In 52 patients the test was positive (41.6 per cent ), 63.5 per cent of which had hypotension exclusively; 7.7 per cent asystole; and 28.8 per cent had hypotension and bradycardia. Nine of the 20 patients submitted to isoproterenol test were positive (45 per cent ). All patients recovered spontaneously after returning to supine position. CONCLUSION--Head-up tilt testing is a safe and effective method for the identification of neurally mediated syncope


Objetivo - Identificar a possível etiologia neuralmente mediada, em portadores de síncope de origem indeterminada (SOI) submetidos ao teste de inclinação. Métodos - Cento e vinte e cinco portadores de SOI foram submetidos, entre abril de 1991 a outubro de 1992, ao teste de inclinação, realizado pela manhã, em jejum, com período de repouso de 20min em decúbito horizontal e 40min a 60o, com monitorização contínua da pressão arterial (PA) e da freqüência cardíaca (FC). O teste sensibilizado consistiu na administração de isoproterenol em doses de 2µg a cada 2min a 60o , até a dose máxima de 8µg ou até o aparecimento de sintomas présincopais ou síncope e foi aplicado em um grupo de 20 pacientes nos quais o 1º teste havia sido negativo. O critério de positividade foi a queda sintomática da pressão arterial sistólica maior que 30mmHg. Resultados - Cinqüenta e dois (41,6%) indivíduos apresentaram testes positivos, dos quais 63,5% apresentaram resposta exclusivamente vasodepressora (queda da PA sem modificação da FC), 7,7% cardio-inibitória (assistolia) e 28,8% resposta mista. Dos 20 pacientes submetidos ao teste sensibilizado, 9 (45%) apresentaram resultados positivos. Todos recuperaram-se espontaneamente com o retorno para o decúbito horizontal. Conclusão - O teste de inclinação é um método eficiente e seguro na identificação da etiologia neurocardiogênica das síncopes até então de origem indeterminada


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Hypotension, Orthostatic/complications , Syncope/etiology , Posture/physiology , Aged, 80 and over , Predictive Value of Tests , Isoproterenol , Hypotension, Orthostatic/diagnosis
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 60(6): 389-393, Jun. 1993. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-320294

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE--To evaluate the results of direct current catheter ablation of accessory pathways by mean of a new low energy power source. METHODS--Catheter ablation was performed in 40 consecutive patients (23 male, mean age 31 +/- 11 years) with accessory atrioventricular pathways (AP) using a low energy DC power source. The electrophysiologic study and AP ablation were performed in the same procedure by endocardial approach using non-deflectable 6F bi, tri, or quadripolar electrodes. RESULTS--AP was located at left free wall (LFW) in 22 patients (55), posteroseptal (PS) in 11 patients (27.5), anteroseptal (AS) in 5 patients (12.5) and right lateral (RL) in 2 patients (5.0). A mean of 7.7 +/- 7 catodal shocks of 5-75 (20) joules (J) was delivered in 1.45 +/- 7 sessions, with a mean cumulative energy of 178 +/- 213J per patient. The mean values of number of shocks, number of sessions and cumulative energy per patient were lower in LFW AP ablation than in other positions (5 +/- 4 x 11 +/- 8 - p = 0.008; 1.1 +/- 0.3 x 1.8 +/- 0.9 - p = 0.008 and 118 +/- 150 x 260 +/- 245 - p = 0.03). The mean CK-MB rise was 18.5 +/- 7.8U/1. Three patients (7.5) presented hemopericardium after PS AP ablation and in 1 patient (2.5), a PS AP (paranodal pathway) ablation resulted in total atrioventricular block. During a follow-up of 9.5 +/- 4 months AP was absent in 28 (70) patients; 18/22 (82) with LFW AP, 6/11 (54) with PS AP, 3/5 (60) with AS AP and 1/2 (50) with RL-AP, (p = 0.10). CONCLUSION--Low energy DC ablation is effective for AP ablation. The results are related with AP position


Objetivo - Avaliar os resultados da ablação por cateter de vias acessórias (VA) usando descarga de capacitor modificado, liberando choques de baixa energia. Métodos - Ablação por cateter de VA foi realizada em 40 pacientes consecutivos (23 homens, idade média de 31±11 anos), usando desfibrilador modificado, pela remoção do indutor, como fonte de baixa energia. O estudo eletrofisiológico e a ablação foram realizados no mesmo procedimento, através de técnica endocárdica usando cateteres-eletrodo convencionais 6F, bi, tri e quadripolares. Resultados - As VA estavam localizadas na região lateral esquerda (LE) do anel atrioventricular (AV) em 22 pacientes (55%), póstero-septal (PS) em 11 pacientes (27,5%), ântero-septal (AS) em 5 pacientes (12,5%) e lateral direita (LD) em 2 pacientes (5,0%). Os choques foram catódicos com energia variando entre 575 (20) joules (J) aplicados em média de 7,7±7 choques/paciente, em média de 1,45±0,8 sessões/paciente, com energia cumulativa média de 178±213J/paciente. O valor médio do número de choques, número de sessões e energia total por paciente foi menor para VA LE em relação às VA de outras localizações (5±4x11±8 - p= 0,008; 1,1±0,3x1,8±0,9- p=0,003 e 118±150 Jx260±245 J- p= 0,03; respectivamente). A média do pico de CKMB foi de 18,5±7,8 U/1. Três pacientes (7,5%) apresentaram hemopericárdio depois de ablação de VA PS, um paciente (2,5%) apresentou bloqueio atrioventricular total após ablação de VA PS (paranodal). Durante seguimento de 9,5±4 meses as VA estavam ausentes em 28 (54%) de VA PS, 3/5 (60%) de VA AS e 1/2 (50%) de VA LD, (p =0,10). Conclusão - A descarga elétrica de baixa energia, liberada por capacitor sem indutor, é efetiva para ablação de VA. Os resultados dependem da localização da VA no anel AV


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Heart Conduction System , Catheter Ablation/methods , Tachycardia , Electrophysiology , Heart Conduction System
5.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 59(2): 99-103, ago. 1992. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-134454

ABSTRACT

Métodos - No período de março de 1987 a março de 1990, 20 portadores de TRN foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico, 14 do sexo feminino, com idades variando entre 12 e 70 (média 42,8 ± 17,1) anos. Apresentavam crises recorrentes de TRN de 6 meses a 60 anos (média de 18,4 15,9 anos ). Dez apresentaram síncopes ou présíncopes durante as crises e dois foram ressuscitados durante tentativa de reversão com drogas antiarrítmicas. Fizeram uso de 1 a 6 (média de 3,75 ± 1,45) drogas antiarrítmicas, sem sucesso. Todos foram submetidos a estudo eletrofisiológico que caracterizou a forma comum de TRN. O procedimento cirúrgico foi semelhante em todos os casos, com dissecção profunda da região perinodal posterior. Seis pacientes submeteram-se a procedimentos cirúrgicos associados. Dezoito pacientes foram submetidos a estimulação atrial programada antes da alta hospitalar. A avaliação tardia resultou de observação clínica ambulatorial e de EEF e Holter quando necessários. Resultados - A estimulação atrial programada realizada em 18 pacientes não reproduziu a TRN, mesmo após administração de atropina IV. A média do intervalo PR variou de 153 ± 50,36 ms no pré, para 152 ± 38 ms no pós-operatório (p>0,05). Nenhum paciente apresentou recorrência da TRN no seguimento de 26,3 ± 10 m. Dois pacientes evoluíram para FA crônica após 24 meses da cirurgia. Conclusão - A técnica de dissecção perinodal empregada foi eficaz e segura a longo prazo, preservando a condução AV


Purpose - To analyze the long term results of surgical treatment of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNT). Methods - From March 1987 to March 1990, 20 patients with AVNT were submitted to surgical therapy, 14 female, aged 12 to 70 (42.8 ± 17) years. All presented crisis of AVNT from 6 months to 60 (18.4 ± 15.9) years. Ten of them had syncope or near syncope and two with cardiac arrest during reversion of AVNT with antiarrythmic drugs. They used 1 to 6 (3.75 ± 1.45) antiarrythmic drays before surgery. The electrophysiologic study (EPS) showed the commom form of AVNT in all cases. The surgical procedure was anatomically directed to the posterior area of the AV node. Programmed atrial stimulation (PAS) were applied on 18 patients after surgery. The longterm results were analysed by clinical evaluation, EPS andHolter when they were necessary. Results - The pos-operative PAS was done in 18 patients and did not induce any AVNT, even after atropine IV. The PR interval was 153 ± 50 ms before and 152 ± 38 ms after surgery (p > 0.05). During follow up (26 ± 10 m) there were not AVNT reccurence. Two patients developed chronic atrial fibrillation after 24 months of surgery. Conclusion - The perinodal dissection technique used was safe and successful to treat AVNT, preserving AV nodal conduction


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry/surgery , Middle Aged , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Brazil/epidemiology , Electrophysiology , English Abstract , Follow-Up Studies , Heart/physiopathology , Recurrence , Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry/epidemiology
6.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 47(9): 425-7, 430-1, set. 1990. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-89775

ABSTRACT

Para o diagnóstico das arritmias cardíacas é fundamental a determinaçäo do risco e prognóstico. Na elaboraçäo do processo diagnóstico säo analisados: 1. Anmnese, onde a sintomatologia é o fator mais importante; 2. Exame clínico; 3. Eletrocardiograma convencional, que permite muitas vezes o diagnóstico; 4. Holter, busca resolver a limitaçäo do ECG convencional, que é o curto período de observaçäo; 5. ECG de esforço, importante para avaliar a eficácia da terapêutica antiarrítmica; 6. ECG de alta resoluçäo e 7. Estudo eletrofisiológico, mais invasivo que tem indicaçäo nas arritmias de alto risco


Subject(s)
Humans , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Cardiac Catheterization , Electrocardiography , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory , Exercise Test , Medical History Taking
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